Turkey was the first Muslim country to recognize the State of Israel. After the rise of the Justice and Development Party under Erdogan’s leadership, Turkey-Israel relations became tense and fragile. Some saw Erdogan’s government as hostile and supportive of Hamas and the Muslim Brotherhood. The lecture will answer the question of how correct these definitions are? To what extent can Erdogan’s government constitute hostility or, conversely, be an ally for the State of Israel? To what extent is Turkey a strategic role for Israel and why?